The Male-Factor Diagnosis

When a couple is unable to conceive after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse, a diagnosis of infertility is made. Addressing infertility with different assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment options depends largely on which party is determined to be the cause of the conception difficulties. Research shows that the male partner is solely responsible in about 20% of cases and is a contributing factor in another 30% to 40% of all infertility cases. Pinpointing the specific cause of male-factor infertility can help guide treatment decisions and allow couples to continue on the path to parenthood.

mid-iowa-fertility-How-Can-Male-Factor-Infertility-Be-Diagnosed-_-Treated-Effectively

Causes of male-factor infertility

Various factors, including hormonal imbalances, genetic disorders, physical blockages, infections, and lifestyle choices, can contribute to male-factor infertility. Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, and abnormal sperm shape are issues that can make conception more difficult. Infertility symptoms are not common in men but can include problems with sexual function, pain, swelling, or lumps in the testicle area, and decreased facial or body hair. In most cases, the issue is identified by the inability to conceive a child within 1 year.

The semen analysis

Evaluating male infertility typically starts with ordering a detailed semen analysis to assess sperm quantity, quality, and motility. Hormone testing can also be performed to measure levels of testosterone and other key hormones regulating reproduction. Imaging techniques like ultrasounds may be used to help detect blockages or structural abnormalities in male reproductive organs.

Lifestyle changes to improve fertility

Adopting healthy lifestyle habits can positively impact male fertility. Men who wish to conceive should avoid smoking and recreational drug use and limit alcohol consumption. Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress can support reproductive health. Avoiding excessive heat exposure to the groin area, such as frequent hot tub use, may also improve sperm health and fertility.

Can IVF help?

Medical intervention to treat male-factor infertility may involve hormonal therapy to correct imbalances or the use of prescription medications to address underlying health conditions. For some couples, ART treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI), can aid in conception. Surgical procedures may be required in some instances to help resolve blockages or varicoceles impacting sperm delivery.

Importance of mental health support

Infertility challenges can create emotional stress for individuals and couples. Seeking counseling or support groups can help men learn coping mechanisms and not feel so isolated in the process. Maintaining good mental health while undergoing infertility testing, proceeding with treatment, and ultimately having a baby is essential.

A baby is possible

Addressing male-factor infertility with accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment can lead to better outcomes. Combining medical care, lifestyle changes, and emotional support ensures a comprehensive approach to achieving reproductive goals. When male-factor infertility is identified and treated early, a future pregnancy is possible.